Mantra : Through a Trika Tantra perspective

Symphony of Self: Mantras, Japa, and the Path to Self-Realization in Kashmir Shaivism

The vast tapestry of spiritual practices across the world includes the potent art of mantras and japa (repetition). Kashmir Shaivism, a non-dual Shaiva tradition from Kashmir, offers a unique perspective on this practice, viewing mantras not just as tools for focus or devotion, but as expressions of the inherent Shakti (power) of Shiva, the ultimate reality. This article delves into the essence of mantras and japa within the framework of Kashmir Shaivism, drawing upon the wisdom of Trika philosophy and its prominent figures like Vasugupta, Abhinavagupta, and Swami Lakshmanjoo.

The Spanda of Mantras: Resonating with the Divine Vibration

Central to Kashmir Shaivism is the concept of Spanda, the pulsating cosmic vibration that underlies all creation. This primordial vibration is the source of everything, from the subtlest thought to the vast expanse of the universe. Mantras, with their specific sounds and rhythms, are believed to resonate with this Spanda. As Abhinavagupta, the renowned Trika scholar, states in the Tantraloka (Vol.1):

“Mantra is that which awakens the internal Spanda, the power of consciousness, which is the cause of the external world.”

By chanting or mentally reciting a mantra, the practitioner attunes themselves to the cosmic vibration, activating their own internal Shakti and awakening their inherent Shiva-nature. This awakening is not about attaining something new, but rather recognizing the divinity that already resides within.

The Power of Internal Japa: Unveiling the Natural Mantra

Kashmir Shaivism emphasizes the significance of internal japa, particularly the Ajapa Japa (the natural mantra of the breath). Here, the practitioner becomes aware of the natural sound produced by the breath – “Ham” on the inhalation and “Sa” on the exhalation. This effortless awareness is seen as a direct path to realizing one’s Shiva-hood. Swami Lakshmanjoo, a revered contemporary teacher of Kashmir Shaivism, explains,

“Ajapa Japa is the natural sound of the breath, Ham-Sa. Ham is the sound of inhalation, and sa is the sound of exhalation. This is the natural mantra given by Shiva himself. By becoming aware of this natural sound, you become aware of the Self.”

This natural mantra is not something created by the mind; it is the inherent sound of existence itself. By becoming established in effortless awareness of this sound, the distinction between the mantra and oneself dissolves, leading to the recognition of the Self as Shiva.

The Trika Upayas: A Gradual Ascent to Shiva-hood

Trika philosophy, the cornerstone of Kashmir Shaivism, proposes three primary methods (Upayas) for achieving spiritual realization:

1. Krama (progressive): This method emphasizes the use of external mantras and rituals as stepping stones to self-realization. Vasugupta, the founder of Trika, acknowledges the importance of Krama in his foundational text, the Shiva Sutra (1.7):

“Through the performance of external rites (such as mantra recitation), the mind becomes purified, and one attains the state of realization.”

Here, external mantras act as a preparatory tool, helping to refine the mind and prepare it for the more subtle practices of internal japa and self-inquiry.

2. Samaya (direct): This method focuses on cultivating inner awareness and recognizing the inherent Shiva-nature within oneself. Internal japa, as discussed earlier, aligns perfectly with the Samaya approach. By becoming aware of the natural sound of the breath or the effortless repetition of a mantra within the mind, the practitioner directly experiences their Shiva-nature.
3. Shambhava (effortless): This method is considered the most direct path, where realization dawns spontaneously, without any deliberate effort. In this state, the practitioner transcends and drops the need for mantras or practices, abiding in their inherent Shiva-consciousness.

The practice of japa, particularly internal japa, bridges the gap between Krama and Samaya. As the practitioner progresses through external mantra recitation, they gradually refine their mind and cultivate the necessary focus for internal japa. With sustained practice, this internal awareness deepens, potentially leading to the effortless realization of Shambhava.

The Role of the Guru: A Guiding Light on the Path

Kashmir Shaivism emphasizes the importance of a qualified teacher (Guru) to guide the aspirant on the path of japa and self-realization. The Guru, with their own experience and understanding

of Trika philosophy, can tailor the practice of japa to the individual’s needs and spiritual development. Abhinavagupta, in the Tantraloka (Vol. 1), highlights the Guru’s role:

“The Guru, who is an embodiment of Shiva-Shakti, awakens the disciple’s inner power through the transmission of knowledge and the initiation process (Shaktipata).”

The Guru not only imparts theoretical knowledge but also plays a crucial role in awakening the disciple’s Kundalini Shakti, the latent spiritual energy coiled at the base of the spine. This awakening can be facilitated through various means, including the Guru’s own presence, specific mantras, and Shaktipata, a direct transmission of spiritual energy.

Beyond Technique: The Recognition of Shiva Within

“The practice of japa in Kashmir Shaivism transcends mere technique. It is a potent tool for dismantling the illusion of separation and revealing the underlying oneness of Shiva and Shakti.” Swami Lakshmanjoo

“When you recognize the mantra as your own Self, as Shiva, then the japa becomes spontaneous. It is not a question of how many times you repeat the mantra, but how deeply you are established in the mantra, which is your own Self.”

Swami Lakshmanjoo

Japa, when practiced with this understanding, becomes a form of self-inquiry, leading to the recognition of the inherent Shiva-nature within. The focus shifts from the external sound of the mantra to the inner awareness of being Shiva.

The Power of Silence: The Unspoken Resonance

Internal japa, particularly Ajapa Japa, emphasizes the practice of silence. By focusing on the natural sound of the breath, the practitioner cultivates a space of inner quietude. This silence is not the absence of sound, but rather a state of heightened awareness that transcends both sound and silence. Abhinavagupta, in the Tantraloka (Vol. 1), describes this state:

“In the state of pure awareness, there is neither sound nor silence, but the Self which is the source of both.”

Abhinavagupta

This subtle inner sound, the Ajapa Japa, becomes a bridge to the experience of Shiva-Shakti, the inseparable unity of consciousness and power. In this state, the practitioner transcends the limitations of the mind and abides in their true nature as Shiva.

Conclusion: A Symphony of Liberation

The exploration of mantras and japa within the framework of Kashmir Shaivism reveals a profound approach to self-realization. It is a practice that transcends mere technique, becoming a journey of self-discovery and the recognition of one’s inherent divinity. Through the combined wisdom of Trika philosophy, the guidance of a qualified Guru, and the dedicated practice of japa, particularly internal japa, the aspirant can embark on a symphony of liberation, ultimately resonating with the primordial Spanda of Shiva and realizing their true Self.

Further Considerations:

• The Trika understanding of mantras extends beyond their use in japa. Mantras are also seen as potent tools for visualization and meditation, further aiding the practitioner on their path to self-realization.
• The concepts of Vac, Shabda Brahman and Matrika chakra, the divine sound or Word, holds significant importance in Kashmir Shaivism. Exploring this concept can provide deeper insights into the transformative power of mantras and japa.

By integrating the philosophies and practices of Kashmir Shaivism with the broader understandings of mantras and japa, we gain a richer perspective on this multifaceted spiritual practice. Ultimately, the journey of japa becomes a symphony of sound, silence, and self-discovery, leading the aspirant towards the ultimate realization of their own Shiva-nature.